Analysis of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology

1. Overview of Modern Industrial Development in China

In the context of the new era, China has joined the general trend of world economic globalization, and has gained huge opportunities and adjustments. China's industrial development is in an upward period. At present, China's industrial enterprises have made certain achievements in wastewater treatment and attach great importance to wastewater treatment technology. Coagulation treatment has become one of the highly valued technical methods in China's industrial wastewater treatment. The enterprises have also conducted in-depth research on physical and chemical wastewater treatment technology.

2. Characteristics

2.1 Discharge of Industrial Wastewater

Industrial wastewater contains a large amount of harmful substances such as chemicals, acids, alkalis, etc. At the same time, due to the different production processes of industries, the wastewater compounds discharged are also inconsistent. Industrial wastewater can be classified into different categories from different perspectives. For example, it can be divided into organic wastewater and inorganic wastewater, metallurgical wastewater, acidic and alkaline wastewater, etc. For industrial enterprises, they do not only discharge a single wastewater in the production process, but also discharge wastewater of multiple properties at the same time. For example, fuel factories will not only discharge acidic wastewater, but also alkaline wastewater in the production process.

2.2 Simple Process and Low Cost

Physical methods are the first choice for industrial wastewater treatment in China In most developed areas of China, physical methods generally refer to the simple separation and treatment of wastewater. Physical methods are mainly used to treat harmful pollutants in wastewater to achieve deep purification, but there are also situations that are difficult to solve. In this regard, simple physical methods cannot solve it. In order to achieve better results, it is necessary to continuously improve chemical wastewater treatment methods.

2.3 Strict Standardization and Scientificity

Industrial wastewater treatment technology is the basis for the rational allocation of all industrial water resources, and is also an important part closely related to people's lives. Therefore, industrial wastewater treatment needs to be based on strict standards. At the same time, industrial wastewater treatment technology also needs to be regularly tested and experimented to ensure the scientific nature of the treatment technology.

3. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology

In the process of industrial production, water consumption is often huge. Water is needed as raw material in the production and processing lines of most industrial products. Before the water is discharged after the processing on the production line, it must go through the corresponding wastewater treatment process and meet the relevant national discharge standards before it can be directly discharged or reused. According to the different methods and technologies of wastewater treatment, industrial wastewater treatment technology is currently roughly divided into three categories: physical treatment technology, biological treatment technology and chemical treatment technology.

3.1 Physical Treatment Technology

3.1.1 Membrane Separation Technology

In recent years, petrochemical enterprises have developed and applied membrane separation technology very rapidly, and it has begun to be used by other industries. Membrane separation technology can efficiently filter out the impurities and odors in wastewater, and remove microorganisms, various metal ions and harmful organic matters, making the treated wastewater quality stable and reliable. The development prospects of this field are promising, and have great application value in socialized mass production.

3.1.2 Adsorption Technology

Adsorption technology generally uses adsorbents to treat wastewater. Commonly used adsorbents include activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, zeolite, humic acid adsorbents and coal adsorbents. Adsorption technology mainly uses the loose and porous characteristics of adsorbents to adsorb harmful substances in wastewater and then remove them. However, its disadvantage is that the treatment cost is too high. Although the color and odor in wastewater can be effectively filtered, the effluent water quality cannot be guaranteed, and it may cause secondary pollution during the wastewater treatment process, so it cannot be used alone. This technology is often used in combination with flocculation or ozonation technology.

3.1.3 Centrifugal Technology

Centrifugal technology mainly uses the centrifugal principle to separate oil and water according to the different densities of them. At present, the petrochemical industry generally uses two types of centrifuges, namely vertical and horizontal. Usually, centrifuges are complex in structure and expensive.

3.2 Chemical Treatment Technology

3.2.1 Flocculation Technology

Flocculation technology mainly makes suspended particles in wastewater aggregate and grow larger, or form flocs. Usually, flocculants are added to wastewater to treat organic pollutants, plankton and other pollutants. In actual operation, flocculation technology is generally used together with flotation, sedimentation and other treatment technologies.

3.2.2 Oxidation Technology

Oxidation technology refers to the chemical reaction between oxygen and other material elements. It mainly decomposes toxic and harmful pollutants into other substances that are harmless to the environment, such as water and carbon dioxide. Oxidation technology usually has the advantages of short treatment time and high treatment efficiency, but the activity and pH of catalyst have a great influence on the process flow, which will easily restrict the treatment efficiency.

3.3 Biological Treatment Technology

3.3.1 Activated Sludge Technology

Activated sludge technology refers to the process of continuously injecting air into wastewater to allow aerobic microorganisms to rapidly multiply in the wastewater to form sludge-like sediments. This type of microbial sediment has a strong ability to oxidize and adsorb organic matters. In addition, the flocculent activated sludge in the aeration tank can decompose organic matters at a low cost.

3.3.2 Biofilter Technology

The biofilter technology allows microorganisms to attach to solid carriers in the biofilter to form filter media, and then let the wastewater flow from top to bottom on the surface of the filter media for filtration, so that the filter media will absorb organic matters in the wastewater. The microorganisms on the filter media can also effectively decompose and destroy the organic matters.